Zjednodušení skriptu

d = document.getElementById('i0'); if (d) {if (d.checked) {p0 = true;} else {p0 = false;}}
d = document.getElementById('i1'); if (d) {if (d.checked) {p1 = true;} else {p1 = false;}}
...

var idecka = new Array ('i0','i1','i2',.........);
var nazvy_prom = new Array ('p0','p1','p2',........);//názvy proměnných pro příslušná idecka, nevím, jak je zapsat, aby se staly proměnnými. p0 odpovídá i0, p1 odpovídá i1,...
for (i = 0; i < idecka.length; i++) {
  d = document.getElementById(idecka[i]); 
  if (d) {if (d.checked) {nazev_id_dle_aktualniho_i = true;} else {nazev_id_dle_aktualniho_i = false;}} //pro i = 0 by se přiřazovalo true nebo false do proměnné p0, pro i1 do p1 atd...
}

if (p0) {
  d = document.getElementById('k1'); if (d) {d.checked = 'checked';}
  d = document.getElementById('k2a'); if (d) {d.checked = 'checked';}  
  d = document.getElementById('k2b'); if (d) {d.checked = 'checked';}  
  d = document.getElementById('k3'); if (d) {d.checked = '';}  
  d = document.getElementById('k1'); if (d) {d.disabled = 'disabled';}  
  d = document.getElementById('k3'); if (d) {d.disabled = '';}
}
if (p1) {
  d = document.getElementById('k1'); if (d) {d.checked = '';}
  d = document.getElementById('k2a'); if (d) {d.checked = '';}  
  d = document.getElementById('k3'); if (d) {d.checked = '';}  
  d = document.getElementById('k1'); if (d) {d.disabled = '';}  
  d = document.getElementById('k3'); if (d) {d.disabled = '';}
}
...

var nastaveni[pro p0, je-li true] = new Array ('c-k1','c-k2a','c-k2b','h-k3','d-k1','e-k3');//výpis potřebných nastavení, kde první písmeno je zkratka pro (c je checked = 'checked',h je checked = '',d je disabled = 'disabled',e je disabled= '') a zbytek je id příslušného elementu, který se má tímto přenastavit
var nastaveni[pro p1, je-li true] = new Array ('h-k1','h-k2a','h-k3','e-k1','e-k3');

<form>
<input type="checkbox" id="i0" onclick="change(this.id)">i0
<input type="checkbox" id="k1" onclick="change(this.id)">k1
<input type="checkbox" id="k2a">k2a
<input type="checkbox" id="k2b">k2b
<input type="checkbox" id="k3">k3
</form>
 
<script> 
//arr pro i0 checked true              
arr1 = {
  k1:{checked:true,disabled:true},
  k2a:{checked:true},
  k2b:{checked:true},
  k3:{checked:true,disabled:true}
};     
//arr pro i0 checked false            
arr0 = {
  k1:{disabled:false},
  k2b:{checked:false},
  k3:{disabled:false}
};        
/*
příklad arr pro změnu k1    
arr1 = {i0:{checked:false,disabled:false}}; //arr pro k1 checked true           
arr0 = {k3:{disabled:false}}; //arr pro k1 checked false   
*/  
function obj(id) {return document.getElementById(id);}
function change(id) { 
  if (obj(id) && obj(id).checked) {
    for (i in arr1) {
      for (j in arr1[i]) {obj(i)[j] = arr1[i][j] ? j : '';}
    }
  }
  else {   
    for (i in arr0) {
      for (j in arr0[i]) {obj(i)[j] = arr0[i][j] ? j : '';}
    }
  }
}     
</script>

arr1 = {
  checked:{k1,k2a,k2b,k3}, 
  disabled:{k1,k3}
};      
arr0 = {
  unchecked:{k2b}, 
  enabled:{k1,k3}
};

<form>
<input type="checkbox" id="i0" onclick="change(this.id)">i0
<input type="checkbox" id="k1" onclick="change(this.id)">k1
<input type="checkbox" id="k2a">k2a
<input type="checkbox" id="k2b">k2b
<input type="checkbox" id="k3">k3
</form>
 
<script> 
var arr_i0 = [ 
['k1','k2a','k2b','k3'],[],['k1','k3'],[],//checked true,checked false,disabled true,disabled false pro checked id
[''],['k1','k2a','k2b','k3'],[],['k1','k3']//checked true,checked false,disabled true,disabled false pro unchecked id
];  
var arr_k1 = [ 
['i0','k2b'],[],['i0','k2b'],[],
[],['i0'],[],['i0']
];
function obj(id) {return document.getElementById(id);}
function change(id) { 
  var d;         
  var arr = window["arr_"+id];
  if (obj(id) && obj(id).checked) {
    for (i = 0; i <= arr[0].length; i++) {d = obj(arr[0][i]); if (d) {d.checked = 'checked';}}   
    for (i = 0; i <= arr[1].length; i++) {d = obj(arr[1][i]); if (d) {d.checked = '';}}   
    for (i = 0; i <= arr[2].length; i++) {d = obj(arr[2][i]); if (d) {d.disabled = 'disabled';}}   
    for (i = 0; i <= arr[3].length; i++) {d = obj(arr[3][i]); if (d) {d.disabled = '';}}   
  }
  else {   
    for (i = 0; i <= arr[4].length; i++) {d = obj(arr[4][i]); if (d) {d.checked = 'checked';}}   
    for (i = 0; i <= arr[5].length; i++) {d = obj(arr[5][i]); if (d) {d.checked = '';}}   
    for (i = 0; i <= arr[6].length; i++) {d = obj(arr[6][i]); if (d) {d.disabled = 'disabled';}}   
    for (i = 0; i <= arr[7].length; i++) {d = obj(arr[7][i]); if (d) {d.disabled = '';}}   
  }
}     
</script>